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                <text>Parashurama battles the thousand-armed king</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="124261">
                <text>Late 18th Century</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India, Bengal</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="124263">
                <text>Opaque watercolor with gold</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="124264">
                <text>L2018.19.1</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="124265">
                <text>Courtesy of Harshna and Pyush Patel</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="124266">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="7001" public="1" featured="0">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gift of Jayantilal K. and Geeta J. Patel &amp; Family to further the study of Hinduism</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India, Kangra-style</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>late 18th Century - late 19th Century</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>After Ravana kidnaps Sita, Rama journeys to rescue his wife. On the way, he meets Hanuman, who becomes his faithful servant. In this scene, Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman rest in the forest on a leaf mat in a moment of quiet devotion that contrasts with the scenes of ritual and violence depicted in other paintings in the exhibition. Rama’s bow and arrows lie on the ground in front of the leaf mat. Holding Rama’s foot in his hand, Lakshmana tenderly removes a thorn from Rama’s foot as Hanuman places his arm around Rama’s shoulder.&#13;
Because this scene does not appear in textual versions of the Ramayana, it is possible that this painting was produced for devotional purposes. Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman often function as moral exemplars. Here, Hanuman and Lakshmana are the ideal devotees of Rama, understood to be God incarnate.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Opaque watercolor on paper</text>
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                <text>Image: 9 x 6 1/2 in. (22.9 x 16.5 cm)&#13;
Page: 9 1/4 x 7 in. (23.5 x 17.8 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87034">
                <text>2012.014.001</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87035">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87036">
                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, February 22, 2013 - October 27, 2014</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87037">
                <text>MCCM Newsletter, Fall/Winter 2012.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87038">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University. Photo by Bruce M. White, 2012.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="87039">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87040">
                <text>35153</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87041">
                <text>Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman Rest in the Forest</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87042">
                <text>No</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  <item itemId="9009" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://digitalprojects.carlos.emory.edu/files/original/3d09e9625b3da0462511df6fd1afe488.jpg</src>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="118058">
              <text>Wood, palm oil, pigment</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118051">
                <text>Byeri Guardian Figure</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118052">
                <text>late 19th - early 20th century</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118053">
                <text>Gabon</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118054">
                <text>Wood, palm oil, pigment&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118055">
                <text>L2010.4.1</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118056">
                <text>Byeri reliquary figures are guardian figures that stand atop cylindrical bark boxes (nsuk byeri) filled with powerful medicine and the skulls of ancestors. Thus, they are not powerful in and of themselves, but indicate that something powerful lay beneath. The figures, however, were of great interest to western collectors and readily sold by the Fang, who considered the relics to be the most important part. This, in addition to colonial laws imposed during the twentieth century that outlawed byeri practices, meant that byeri tradition was virtually extinct by the middle of the century. &#13;
&#13;
Byeri figures are known for their animated quality. They are not naturalistic, but they are dynamic; the face is often carved with a relaxed expression, while the arms and legs are active and engaged, bent as though the figure is about to leap into action. The figure is further animated by the reflective surface that vibrantly responds to light. The goal of the Byeri cult was to connect living and deceased so the Fang kept the guardian figures and relics happy and nourished with the application of camwood oil, giving the figure a reddish sheen.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="118057">
                <text>Lent by Lewis M. Dubroff</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="7883" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="7880">
        <src>https://digitalprojects.carlos.emory.edu/files/original/51a86240841604f513f79b8df673f4e2.tif</src>
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    </fileContainer>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100606">
                <text>Ex coll. William S. Arnett</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100607">
                <text>Benin, Africa</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="100608">
                <text>Fon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100609">
                <text>late 19th-early 20th Century</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100610">
                <text>Bocio, meaning "empowered cadaver," are power objects (bo) that represent deceased human beings (cio) though the figure may appear to be alive. A bocio is not a spirit, but a kind of decoy meant to trick death by substituting for a real person. Formerly, the Fon people of Dahomey (now Benin) placed bocio figures in tombs along with the deceased so that the dead person could not then claim another person's life. Essentially bocios are commissioned as a safeguard against misfortune, witchcraft, and death.  &#13;
&#13;
This highly unusual bocio consists of two kneeling female figures, the lower one carved from wood, holding her breasts in an attitude of supplication, and the upper one cast in brass and proffering a large calabash-like bowl. They are bound together (both physically and psychologically) by a cloth strap wrapped over the legs of the top figure and under the chin of the lower one. The process of binding objects together is an important component of empowering the bocio figure. To further "energize" it, offerings -- which may include corn meal, blood, saliva, and urine -- are poured over it. Not only does the addition of these materials make the object more powerful, but this augmentation continually transforms the bocio's appearance as a work of art.   The lower figure's face is obscured by sacrificial matter, and her mouth is sealed by a long iron chain, thereby blocking the ability to speak. Considered to be a potentially serious weapon, the act of speech is silenced, controlled by another. Iron attachments are often associated with Gu, the deity of iron and war, and are meant to drive away evil associated with physical force. &#13;
&#13;
There are several types of bocio figures, including those associated with divination (Fa), and other types with royalty, with sorcery and anti-sorcery, and with the gods (vodun). All but the royal bocio retained their importance in the lives of Fon and Ewe people from Dahomey and present-day Togo whose dispersion due to the slave trade created a creolized version of bo in Haiti and later among Haitian ex-slaves in the United States. There cloth dolls performed protective and "attack" functions similar to carved bocio figures, and like them, were closely associated with the dead and with cemeteries. In Haiti it was the manbo (mother of bo) priestess and the bokor (knowledgeable in bo) priest who along with the hungan priest were responsible for their manufacture and for activating them ritually.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100611">
                <text>Wood, iron, brass, cloth, sacrificial material</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="100612">
                <text>9 x 2 1/2 x 2 1/4 in. (22.9 x 6.4 x 5.7 cm)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100613">
                <text>1994.004.469</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100614">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100615">
                <text>Divine Intervention: African Art and Religion, Michael C. Carlos Museum, February 5 - December 4, 2011</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="100616">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum Handbook (Atlanta: Michael C. Carlos Museum, 1996), 108.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100617">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2008.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="100618">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100619">
                <text>17404</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100620">
                <text>Sculpture</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100621">
                <text>Power Figure, Bocio</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="100622">
                <text>No</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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