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                <text>Gift of Jayantilal K. and Geeta J. Patel &amp; Family to further the study of Hinduism</text>
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                <text>India, Rajasthan, Mewar</text>
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                <text>ca. 1710</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>Opaque watercolor and gold on paper</text>
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                <text>Image: 10 1/2 x 16 1/2 in. (26.7 x 41.9 cm)</text>
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                <text>2015.036.001</text>
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                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
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                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>59200</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Rama Leaves for Exile, Bharata Laments</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>No</text>
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                <text>The Rajasthani text at the top of this painting directs us to begin at the bottom right, where Guha, chief of the Nishadas, a forest tribe, reports his earlier encounter with Rama to Bharata, outside of his royal tent. The other scenes depict Guha’s account. At top left, Guha converses with Lakshmana, who watches over Rama and Sita as they sleep on the forest floor, about the precarious state of Ayodhya. A scene of the court is seen at top right, with Dasharatha surrounded by his three queens. Guha then explains how, taking on ascetic garb, Rama matted his hair with the sap of a banyan tree (center), prior to crossing the Ganges River, ferried by Guha (bottom left). The story ends in the bottom right, where Bharata appears again, collapsing in grief after hearing of Rama’s arduous journey.&#13;
In reaction to Rama’s untimely exile, the painting illustrates multiple forms fraternal piety: Lakshmana’s steadfast devotion and Bharata’s pious grief. One joins Rama in his forest trial; the other must endure his absence, reluctantly ruling a kingdom bereft of its true king.</text>
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                <text>Gift of Jayantilal K. and Geeta J. Patel &amp; Family to further the study of Hinduism</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India, Malwa</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>ca. 1680s</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Numbered "48" on verso.</text>
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                <text>Rama and his companions have now joined forces with the forest monkeys to retrieve Sita. Sugriva, king of the monkeys, sends Hanuman (center), his nephew Angada (right), and the king of the bears, Jambavan (left), south in search of Sita. After they realize Sita is being held captive on the island of Lanka, Jambavan convinces Hanuman to use his superhuman powers to leap across the ocean to find her. Here, Hanuman wears both the prayer beads and white markings of an ascetic and the garb of a wealthy royal, marking his status as Rama’s devotee and equal. He wields his signature weapon, a mace, as he leaps from Mount Mahendra across the ocean toward Ravana’s fort, ornately painted with vases on display in niches. Ravana may be morally bankrupt, but his demon kingdom flourishes. The depiction of Jambavan as a bear—here depicted with a very humanlike beard—highlights an interesting evolution in this character. In Valmiki’s Ramayana, Jambavan is king of the apes, but later tellings understand him to be king of the bears, diversifying Rama’s allies.</text>
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                <text>Ink and watercolor on paper&#13;
Framed: 11 1/4 x 14 1/2 in. (28.6 x 36.8 cm)&#13;
Image (visible): 7 3/4 x 11 in. (19.7 x 27.9 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>2015.016.001</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84442">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84443">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>59190</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Hanuman Leaps to Lanka</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>No</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gift of Jayantilal K. and Geeta J. Patel &amp; Family to further the study of Hinduism</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India, Malwa</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>ca. 1680s</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Numbered "52" on verso.</text>
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                <text>Having penetrated the citadel of Lanka, Hanuman finds Sita imprisoned in a grove of ashoka trees (upper left). Sita, diminutive and vulnerable in her translucent sari, her eyes cast downward in piety and terror, refuses to be taken away by Hanuman, as she will allow no man but her husband to touch her. Rama himself must wage war on the kingdom of Lanka to ensure her safe return. As Hanuman departs from his meeting with Sita, Ravana dispatches general after general to defeat the monkey. Hanuman crushes each in turn, leaving them maimed and bleeding in the grove, one shown having lost his arm. While other paintings portray demons as fierce, animal-like creatures, here the demons appear as Rajput noblemen, wearing turbans and regal clothes, signaling their high status in a wealthy kingdom and the potential for appearances to deceive.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ink and watercolor on paper&#13;
Framed: 11 1/4 x 14 1/2 in. (28.6 x 36.8 cm)&#13;
Image (visible): 7 3/4 x 11 1/8 in. (19.7 x 28.3 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84510">
                <text>2015.016.002</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84512">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84513">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84514">
                <text>59196</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Hanuman Fights for Sita</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>No</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84648">
                <text>Museum purchase</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>19th Century</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This folio tells the story from the Adi Parva, the first book of the Mahabharata, of the eagle Garuda, who became the vahana (animal mount) for the god Vishnu.  Garuda's mother Vinata and her co-wife Kadru had engaged in a wager that Vinata lost, which resulted in her life-long servitude to Kadru's serpent sons.  The serpents told Garuda that he and his mother would be released from servitude only if he would bring to them the amrita (the nectar of immortality) that lay in the hands of the gods.&#13;
&#13;
Knowing he would have to fight the gods to procure the amrita, Garuda asked his father Kashyapa for some food to strengthen him.  His father directed him towards a tortoise and elephant that were fighting at a nearby lake; they were, he explained, two fighting brothers who had been sages.  In their anger, one sage had cursed the other to become an elephant and the other cursed his brother to become a tortoise.  Eating these, Kashyapa assured his son, would give him the strength he required to obtain the amrita.&#13;
&#13;
Garuda grabbed the elephant in one claw and the tortoise in the other and flew with them to a magnificent tree.  The tree trembled under his weight and he realized the branch upon which he was sitting was filled with Brahmans performing penance.  He broke off the large limb they were inhabiting and carried it in his beak to a great mountain, where he gently put them down and proceeded to eat the elephant and tortoise.&#13;
&#13;
To retrieve the amrita, Garuda battled Indra and the other gods.  He defeated all of them except for Vishnu, who was himself injured.  Vishnu promised, then, that Garuda would become immortal and become his vahana.&#13;
&#13;
The folio pictures Garuda picking up the elephant and tortoise, the thousand-eyed Indra, and Garuda battling the gods for the amrita.&#13;
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Opaque watercolor and ink on paper</text>
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                <text>Image: 16 1/8 x 11 1/8 in. (41 x 28.3 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84654">
                <text>2013.011.001</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, April 1 - October 27, 2014</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84657">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84658">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>59165</text>
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                <text>Stealing of the Amrita: Page from a Mahabharata Manuscript</text>
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                <text>India</text>
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                <text>This folio tells the story from the Adi Parva, the first book of the Mahabharata, of the eagle Garuda, who became the vahana (animal mount) for the god Vishnu.  Garuda's mother Vinata and her co-wife Kadru had engaged in a wager that Vinata lost, which resulted in her life-long servitude to Kadru's serpent sons.  The serpents told Garuda that he and his mother would be released from servitude only if he would bring to them the amrita (the nectar of immortality) that lay in the hands of the gods.&#13;
&#13;
Knowing he would have to fight the gods to procure the amrita, Garuda asked his father Kashyapa for some food to strengthen him.  His father directed him towards a tortoise and elephant that were fighting at a nearby lake; they were, he explained, two fighting brothers who had been sages.  In their anger, one sage had cursed the other to become an elephant and the other cursed his brother to become a tortoise.  Eating these, Kashyapa assured his son, would give him the strength he required to obtain the amrita.&#13;
&#13;
Garuda grabbed the elephant in one claw and the tortoise in the other and flew with them to a magnificent tree.  The tree trembled under his weight and he realized the branch upon which he was sitting was filled with Brahmans performing penance.  He broke off the large limb they were inhabiting and carried it in his beak to a great mountain, where he gently put them down and proceeded to eat the elephant and tortoise.&#13;
&#13;
To retrieve the amrita, Garuda battled Indra and the other gods.  He defeated all of them except for Vishnu, who was himself injured.  Vishnu promised, then, that Garuda would become immortal and become his vahana.&#13;
&#13;
The folio pictures Garuda picking up the elephant and tortoise, the thousand-eyed Indra, and Garuda battling the gods for the amrita.&#13;
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                <text>Image: 16 1/8 x 11 1/8 in. (41 x 28.3 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84668">
                <text>2013.011.001</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, April 1 - October 27, 2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84671">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84672">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84673">
                <text>59165</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84674">
                <text>Stealing of the Amrita: Page from a Mahabharata Manuscript</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>No</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84710">
                <text>Museum purchase</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84711">
                <text>India, Kishangarh</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84713">
                <text>19th Century</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84714">
                <text>Here, Rama is shown slaughtering Khara’s demon army and then resting after battle with Lakshmana and Sita, who massages his feet. Depictions of Rama on both sides of this manuscript page emphasize his nobility, grace, and might, illus-trating the hero as an archetypal warrior and nobleman. &#13;
On this side, Rama’s strength is evident as he massacres an entire army, without incurring so much as a scratch. Below, he wears the princely attire of a Rajput nobleman, rather than the garb of a forest-dwelling ascetic, emphasizing his nobility. On the other side, Rama is depicted bow in hand, a proficient and elegant warrior. He smiles fearlessly as a demon army approaches, demonstrating the kingly virtue of bravery.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84715">
                <text>Opaque watercolor and ink on paper</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84716">
                <text>Image: 16 1/8 x 11 1/8 in. (41 x 28.3 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84717">
                <text>2013.011.002</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84718">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84719">
                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, April 1 - October 27, 2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84720">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84721">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84722">
                <text>59178</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84723">
                <text>Rama Battles the Demon Army</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84724">
                <text>No</text>
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  <item itemId="6846" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84725">
                <text>Museum purchase</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India, Kishangarh</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84727">
                <text>Indian</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84728">
                <text>19th Century</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ravana’s sister Shurpanakha fell deeply in love with Rama when she encountered him in the forest. Rama, faithful to his wife, Sita, rejected the demoness’s advances and incited Lakshmana to punish her by cutting off her ears and nose. This manuscript illustrates the aftermath of these events. In the upper left, a wounded Shurpanakha, seeking revenge, enlists the help of her brother Khara, flanked by two demons, who leads an army to kill the heroes (center). Below, after Rama directs his brother and wife to seek refuge, Rama valiantly prepares for battle. &#13;
This manuscript shows Shurpanakha as a fair-faced, beautiful maiden wearing a sari identical to Sita’s. This depiction contrasts with Valmiki’s portrayal of her as a hideous-looking demoness and humanizes Shurpanakha, especially in comparison to her animal-faced demon brothers</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84730">
                <text>Opaque watercolor and ink on paper</text>
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                <text>Image: 16 1/8 x 11 1/8 in. (41 x 28.3 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84732">
                <text>2013.011.002</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84734">
                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, April 1 - October 27, 2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84735">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84736">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84737">
                <text>59178</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84738">
                <text>The Mutilation of Shurpanakha</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84739">
                <text>No</text>
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  <item itemId="6847" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gift of William E. Torres</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84741">
                <text>India, Mewar</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84743">
                <text>ca. 1710</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84744">
                <text>It could be said that the Ramayana begins with a failure:&#13;
Rama should be king, but his rightful claim to the throne is denied.&#13;
Here king Dasharatha, having joyously resolved on the succession of his eldest son Rama, has sent the charioteer Sumantra to summon him. As is typical of Mewari style, the painting tells a sequential narrative, with individual scenes separated by architectural motifs and blocks of color. It centers on Rama’s brief chariot journey, across a sparse, stylized field, from his private but majestic home (right) to Dasharatha’s palace (left), its lofty height indicated by a short set of stairs. In the assembly, Rama, seated reverently below three brahmin advisors and the enthroned king himself, learns of his imminent coronation.&#13;
The coronation, however, will soon be interrupted by the plotting of Kaikeyi, one of Dasharatha’s three wives. Invoking two royal boons promised to her years earlier, she demands that the king banish Rama to a life of asceticism in the forest, and consecrate her son, Bharata, in his place. Bound by oath, Dasharatha complies,  before dying of grief over this perversion of natural succession.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84745">
                <text>Opaque watercolor and gold on paper</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84746">
                <text>Image: 10 1/2 x 16 1/2 in. (26.7 x 41.9 cm)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84747">
                <text>2013.012.001</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84748">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84749">
                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, April 1 - October 27, 2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84750">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="84751">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>59185</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Rama Shall be King?</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>No</text>
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        <src>https://digitalprojects.carlos.emory.edu/files/original/92d66cdcfc459231ac66812636bff358.tif</src>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85770">
                <text>Gift of Jayantilal K. and Geeta J. Patel &amp; Family to further the study of Hinduism</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85771">
                <text>India, Guler</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>ca. 1840</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Having defeated Ravana, rescued Sita, and returned to his kingdom, Rama here takes center stage at his coronation in Ayodhya. Holding his characteristic bow and arrow, clothed in gold, his crowned head ringed by a shining halo, he sits on a throne in the pose of royal ease, with one foot raised and the other resting firmly on a footstool. Below are the ritual vessels used in the consecration. To his left, Sita leans into her husband with a look of satisfaction; behind stand his three brothers bearing the implements of kingship. At the front edge of the pavilion, to the left, Rama’s monkey allies, joined by the demon defector Vibhishana—here in human form—attend their new king. To the right sit a group of Brahmin ascetics who have come from the forest to pay their regards. A depiction of Ayodhya frames this public display of kingship. A high horizon line—an index of Mughal influence in this later Pahari painting—is demarcated by a palatial wall. On the left, the towers of Ayodhya are balanced by the treetops of a dense forest on the right, a division that corresponds to the courtly and ascetic groups attending the coronation. The ongoing oscillation of city and forest forms a central objective of the Ramayana itself: by a bloody assault on the demonic forces of the wild, Rama secures a perfectly ordered kingdom.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85775">
                <text>Opaque watercolor and gold on paper</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85776">
                <text>Image: 8 5/8 x 11 1/4 in. (21.9 x 28.6 cm)</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85777">
                <text>2013.010.001</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85778">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, April 1 - October 27, 2014</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85780">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University.  Photo by Bruce M. White, 2015.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="85781">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85782">
                <text>59155</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85783">
                <text>The Ideal Ending: Rama's Coronation</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85784">
                <text>No</text>
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        <src>https://digitalprojects.carlos.emory.edu/files/original/bf93e536e15cdf6c208d4eae3e89e0e4.tif</src>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87028">
                <text>Gift of Jayantilal K. and Geeta J. Patel &amp; Family to further the study of Hinduism</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>India, Kangra-style</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>late 18th Century - late 19th Century</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>After Ravana kidnaps Sita, Rama journeys to rescue his wife. On the way, he meets Hanuman, who becomes his faithful servant. In this scene, Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman rest in the forest on a leaf mat in a moment of quiet devotion that contrasts with the scenes of ritual and violence depicted in other paintings in the exhibition. Rama’s bow and arrows lie on the ground in front of the leaf mat. Holding Rama’s foot in his hand, Lakshmana tenderly removes a thorn from Rama’s foot as Hanuman places his arm around Rama’s shoulder.&#13;
Because this scene does not appear in textual versions of the Ramayana, it is possible that this painting was produced for devotional purposes. Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman often function as moral exemplars. Here, Hanuman and Lakshmana are the ideal devotees of Rama, understood to be God incarnate.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Opaque watercolor on paper</text>
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                <text>Image: 9 x 6 1/2 in. (22.9 x 16.5 cm)&#13;
Page: 9 1/4 x 7 in. (23.5 x 17.8 cm)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87034">
                <text>2012.014.001</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87035">
                <text>Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87036">
                <text>MCCM Permanent Collection Reinstallation, February 22, 2013 - October 27, 2014</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="87037">
                <text>MCCM Newsletter, Fall/Winter 2012.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87038">
                <text>© Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University. Photo by Bruce M. White, 2012.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="87039">
                <text>This image is provided by the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University, who retains all rights in it. This image is made available for limited non-commercial, educational, and personal use only, or for fair use as defined by United States law. For all other uses, please contact the Michael C. Carlos Museum Office of Collections Services at +1(404) 727-4282 or mccm.collections.services@emory.edu. Users must cite the author and source of the image as they would material from any printed work, but not in any way that implies endorsement of the user or the user's use of the image. Users may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including without limitation attribution information, credits, and copyright notices that have been placed on or near the image by the Museum. The Museum assumes no responsibility for royalties or fees claimed by the artist or third parties.  The User agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Emory University, its Michael C. Carlos Museum, its agents, employees, faculty members, students and trustees from and against any and all claims, losses, actions, damages, expenses, and all other liabilities, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, directly or indirectly arising out of or resulting from its use of photographic images for which permission is granted hereunder.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87040">
                <text>35153</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="87041">
                <text>Rama, Lakshmana, and Hanuman Rest in the Forest</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="87042">
                <text>No</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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